Formy życia społecznego. Grupy społeczne / Forms of the Social Life. Social groups.

REVISION:

1. What is the main concern of social studies (or civics)?
2. Why Aristotle said: Humans are social beings?
3.  What is the defference between colective consciousness and society?
4. Can you name forms of social life?

I. Formy życia społecznego (Forms of social life) s. 8:

1. Society- społeczeństwo
   -a huge group of people
   -they have their own territory (area)
   -their own history and culture
   -social relation/social interaction create some hierarchy
   -public institutions (like government)
   
2. Collective consciousness – zbiorowość społeczna
   -impermanent group of random people
   -without social relations
   
3. Community – społeczność
   -more permanent than colective consciousness
   -may appear some hierarchy (people can recognize others)
   
4. Local community – społeczność lokalna
   -common small territory (village, town, city district)
   -people are connected with the teritorry and they have known each other
   -they take care of their own problems and solve problems together
   
5. Social group – grupa społeczna
   – consist of three or more people who interact and identify with one another
   -they have common motives and goals
   -may have hierarchical social structure
   
   
   *Social categorization is the process through which we group individuals based upon social information, f.ex.: occupation, sex, race and age. People inside have some distinctive features, but they aren’t social group.

II. Jakie wyróżniamy grupy społeczne (s. 9)
TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS AND EXAMPLES

1. Number of members:
-small
-big

2. Types of membership
-primmary – close, emotional relationship. Relation between them are face–to–face and more intimate and this group is relatively small (for example family, neighbour, play group)

-secondary – is more formal, impersonal, indirect and less intimate relationship among the members.
-there are common values and goals (for example political party , social class, school , college etc.)

3. A way of organizing
-formal (there are defined rules and regulations)
-informal (members haven’t any formal regulations and no official leader)

4.Accesibility
-exclusive – membership is limited, only people with special qualifications or specifications are admitted (f.ex. police, doctors)
-inclusive – everybody can be included, open door for all comers

III. WHY PEOPLE WANT TO BE MEMBERS OF SOCIAL GROUPS?

1. It is human nature
2. Humans need belongingness (need of belonging- potrzeba przynależności)
3. Creation of their own identity (tworzenie własnej tożsamości)
4. Role model searching (poszukiwanie wzorców)
5. The fear of social exclusion (wykluczenie społeczne)

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

Do jakich grup należycie?
Czy za każdym razem był to wasz wybór?
Czy dwie osoby tworzą już grupę społeczną?
Czy istnieją jakieś ograniczenia, jak liczna może być grupa?
Czy można funkcjonować poza wszelkimi grupami i tym samym wypisać się ze społeczeństwa?

IV. Group cohesiveness (SPÓJNOŚĆ, SPOISTOŚĆ GRUPOWA)
Cohesion is the extent (stopień) to which group members are attracted to the group and its goals. 
Examples of displaying social cohesiveness is tied together by mutual friendship, caring, or personal liking.

For example, a group of friends may be very cohesive just because they enjoy spending time together, regardless of whether or not they share similar goals.

CAN A GROUP HAVE TOO MUCH COHESION?

The dangers of groupthink (when a group have too much cohesion)
There may be appear The Groupthink Syndrome- myślenie grupowe (Syndrom myślenia grupowego)
-people inside of group want to stay in balance with others.

–> patrz KATASTROFA CHALLENGERA (podręcznik)